LL-37 - 5MG

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LL-37 - 5MG
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Product Overview

LL-37 Antimicrobial Peptide

LL-37 is a human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide with broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi, making it a valuable tool in research on infection control and immune support.[1][2][3][4] LL-37 is expressed by epithelial and immune cells at sites exposed to microbes, such as the skin, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract, and is a key component of innate immunity.[5][2][6]

Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity:

LL-37 directly disrupts microbial membranes, leading to rapid killing of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as certain viruses and fungi.[1][2][7][3][4] It is particularly notable for its ability to inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate established biofilms from clinically relevant pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.[8][9] Mechanisms include inhibition of bacterial adhesion, downregulation of biofilm-associated genes, suppression of quorum-sensing, and degradation of biofilm matrix.[8] LL-37 is also active against antibiotic-resistant strains, making it a promising candidate for combating multidrug-resistant infections.[2][3][4]

Immunomodulation and Inflammation Control:

LL-37 modulates immune responses by binding and neutralizing bacterial endotoxins, promoting chemotaxis of immune cells, and regulating the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.[1][5][7][10][3] It can both enhance and suppress inflammation depending on the context, supporting a balanced immune response and reducing excessive inflammation.[5][7][10] LL-37 also influences apoptosis and cell survival in epithelial and immune cells, further contributing to immune homeostasis.[5][10]

Wound Healing and Tissue Repair:

LL-37 promotes wound healing by stimulating cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis, as well as by modulating the local immune environment.[1][9][2][10][6] It has demonstrated efficacy in accelerating re-epithelialization and tissue regeneration in models of infected and non-infected wounds, including diabetic ulcers and periodontitis.[9][11][10] LL-37’s dual action—direct antimicrobial effects and enhancement of host tissue repair—makes it particularly valuable for resolving polymicrobial and biofilm-associated wound infections.[9][11]

Clinical and Research Applications:

LL-37 is under investigation as a topical or systemic therapeutic for infected wounds, sepsis, and chronic inflammatory conditions.[9][12][11][4] Its broad-spectrum antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and immunomodulatory properties, along with its ability to promote tissue repair, position it as a promising candidate for next-generation antimicrobial and wound-healing therapies.[8][1][9][2][12][11][10][3][4]

Safety and Limitations:

While LL-37 is cytotoxic to infected or compromised cells at therapeutic concentrations, it generally spares healthy host cells.[1][7] However, high local concentrations may cause cytotoxicity, and further research is needed to optimize dosing, delivery, and long-term safety for clinical use.[7][4]

LL-37 (5mg) is suitable for researchers investigating immune health, wound healing, and antimicrobial therapies, especially in the context of biofilm-associated and antibiotic-resistant infections.[8][1][9][2][3][4]

References

  1. Unique Features of Human Cathelicidin LL-37. Bandurska K, Berdowska A, Barczyńska-Felusiak R, Krupa P. BioFactors (Oxford, England). 2015 Sep-Oct;41(5):289-300. doi:10.1002/biof.1225.
  2. LL-37: Structures, Antimicrobial Activity, and Influence on Amyloid-Related Diseases. Bhattacharjya S, Zhang Z, Ramamoorthy A. Biomolecules. 2024;14(3):320. doi:10.3390/biom14030320.
  3. LL-37, the Master Antimicrobial Peptide, Its Multifaceted Role From Combating Infections to Cancer Immunity. Keshri AK, Rawat SS, Chaudhary A, et al. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2025;65(1):107398. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107398.
  4. Antimicrobial Peptides of the Cathelicidin Family: Focus on LL-37 and Its Modifications. Voronko OE, Khotina VA, Kashirskikh DA, Lee AA, Gasanov VAO. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025;26(16):8103. doi:10.3390/ijms26168103.
  5. Tissue-Specific Regulation of Innate Immune Responses by Human Cathelicidin LL-37. Chieosilapatham P, Ikeda S, Ogawa H, Niyonsaba F. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2018;24(10):1079-1091. doi:10.2174/1381612824666180327113418.
  6. The Role of the Multifunctional Peptide LL-37 in Host Defense. Kai-Larsen Y, Agerberth B. Frontiers in Bioscience : A Journal and Virtual Library. 2008;13:3760-7. doi:10.2741/2964.
  7. Human Antimicrobial/Host Defense Peptide LL-37 May Prevent the Spread of a Local Infection Through Multiple Mechanisms: An Update. Svensson D, Nilsson BO. Inflammation Research. 2025;74(1):36. doi:10.1007/s00011-025-02005-8.
  8. Antibiofilm Properties of Cathelicidin LL-37: An in-Depth Review. Memariani H, Memariani M. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology. 2023;39(4):99. doi:10.1007/s11274-023-03545-z.
  9. The Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 as a Potential Treatment for Polymicrobial Infected Wounds. Duplantier AJ, van Hoek ML. Frontiers in Immunology. 2013;4:143. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00143.
  10. Cathelicidin LL-37: A Multitask Antimicrobial Peptide. Bucki R, Leszczyńska K, Namiot A, Sokołowski W. Archivum Immunologiae Et Therapiae Experimentalis. 2010;58(1):15-25. doi:10.1007/s00005-009-0057-2.
  11. Cathelicidin LL-37 in Periodontitis: Current Research Advances and Future Prospects - A Review. He Y, Zhou Y, Liu N, et al. International Immunopharmacology. 2025;150:114277. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114277.
  12. Therapeutic Potential of Cathelicidin Peptide LL-37, an Antimicrobial Agent, in a Murine Sepsis Model. Nagaoka I, Tamura H, Reich J. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020;21(17):E5973. doi:10.3390/ijms21175973.

All information provided is for research purposes only.

ALL ARTICLES AND PRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS WEBSITE ARE FOR INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. The products offered on this website are furnished for in-vitro studies only. In-vitro studies (Latin: in glass) are performed outside of the body. These products are not medicines or drugs and have not been approved by the FDA to prevent, treat or cure any medical condition, ailment or disease. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law.