Product Overview
Oxytocin
Oxytocin is a nonapeptide hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus with roles in reproduction, social bonding, and modulation of stress/emotional responses. Beyond parturition and lactation, oxytocin influences anxiety, social cognition, and stress resilience via central actions.[1–8]
Neuroendocrine & Behavioral Effects
- Oxytocin receptors are expressed across limbic and cortical regions (amygdala, hippocampus, mPFC). Oxytocin release shapes behavioral and neuroendocrine stress responses, suppresses anxiety, and promotes adaptive coping and prosocial behavior.[1,2,4,6,8–10]
Psychiatric & Therapeutic Applications
- Altered oxytocin signaling is linked to anxiety, depression, PTSD, ASD, and schizophrenia. Intranasal oxytocin can modulate socio-emotional networks and shows anxiolytic/anti-stress effects in select populations.[1–6,9–12]
Mechanisms of Action
- Acts via OXTR (GPCR), engaging MAPK/PKC/PLC/CaMK cascades and transcription factors (e.g., CREB, MEF-2), supporting neuronal plasticity and behavioral outcomes; also exhibits anti-inflammatory/antioxidative effects.[3,7,8,12]
Clinical Evidence & Dosing
- Trials report benefits for stress-related conditions (e.g., anxiety/PTSD): reduced fear, improved social function, modulation of neuroinflammation, and support of allostasis/resilience.[1,4,6,9,12]
- Typical research dosing: 24–40 IU intranasally. A 10 mg dose (~10,000 IU) is not established in the literature and exceeds common research/clinical protocols.[1,4,6,7,9]
Safety & Limitations
- Generally well tolerated (e.g., transient nasal irritation, headache). Chronic/high dosing may cause receptor downregulation or paradoxical anxiety. Outcomes may vary by sex, age, adversity history, and OXTR variation.[9,11]
Summary
Oxytocin (10 mg) is a neuropeptide with pleiotropic effects on stress regulation, social behavior, and emotional well-being. Evidence supports anxiolytic, anti-stress, and pro-social properties, but optimal high-dose regimens and long-term safety remain to be defined.[1–12]
References
- Takayanagi Y, Onaka T. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;23(1):150.
- Grinevich V, Neumann ID. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26(1):265–279.
- Marazziti D, et al. Curr Med Chem. 2022;29(35):5615–5687.
- Zhang S, et al. Cell & Bioscience. 2023;13(1):216.
- Jin Y, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(13):10430.
- Matsushita H, et al. Neuroscience. 2019;417:1–10.
- Uvnäs Moberg K, et al. Med Hypotheses. 2019;133:109394.
- Jurek B, Neumann ID. Physiol Rev. 2018;98(3):1805–1908.
- Neumann ID, Slattery DA. Biol Psychiatry. 2016;79(3):213–221.
- Ishak WW, et al. J Affect Disord. 2011;130(1–2):1–9.
- Yoon S, Kim YK. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2022;116:110531.
- Wang SC, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(12):E3848.
All information provided is for research purposes only.
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All information provided is for research purposes only.
Storage & Handling (Research Use)
- Lyophilized (dry): Store sealed at −20 °C to −80 °C (long-term), desiccated and light-protected. Short-term (≤2–3 weeks) at 2–8 °C is acceptable.
- After reconstitution: Store at 2–8 °C and use within 7 days, or aliquot immediately and freeze at −20 °C to −80 °C for up to 3 months.
- Avoid degradation: Prepare small aliquots to limit freeze–thaw cycles; keep solutions on ice during handling; minimize exposure to air/light.
- Solvent & pH: Reconstitute as specified for the lot (e.g., sterile saline/bacteriostatic water) at ~pH 7.0–7.4; avoid reactive metals/oxidizers.
- Labeling: Record concentration, solvent, and prep date; follow lab SOPs and any lot-specific stability notes.
All information provided is for research purposes only.