Product Overview

Oxytocin

Oxytocin is a nonapeptide hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus with roles in reproduction, social bonding, and modulation of stress/emotional responses. Beyond parturition and lactation, oxytocin influences anxiety, social cognition, and stress resilience via central actions.[1–8]

Neuroendocrine & Behavioral Effects

  • Oxytocin receptors are expressed across limbic and cortical regions (amygdala, hippocampus, mPFC). Oxytocin release shapes behavioral and neuroendocrine stress responses, suppresses anxiety, and promotes adaptive coping and prosocial behavior.[1,2,4,6,8–10]

Psychiatric & Therapeutic Applications

  • Altered oxytocin signaling is linked to anxiety, depression, PTSD, ASD, and schizophrenia. Intranasal oxytocin can modulate socio-emotional networks and shows anxiolytic/anti-stress effects in select populations.[1–6,9–12]

Mechanisms of Action

  • Acts via OXTR (GPCR), engaging MAPK/PKC/PLC/CaMK cascades and transcription factors (e.g., CREB, MEF-2), supporting neuronal plasticity and behavioral outcomes; also exhibits anti-inflammatory/antioxidative effects.[3,7,8,12]

Clinical Evidence & Dosing

  • Trials report benefits for stress-related conditions (e.g., anxiety/PTSD): reduced fear, improved social function, modulation of neuroinflammation, and support of allostasis/resilience.[1,4,6,9,12]
  • Typical research dosing: 24–40 IU intranasally. A 10 mg dose (~10,000 IU) is not established in the literature and exceeds common research/clinical protocols.[1,4,6,7,9]

Safety & Limitations

  • Generally well tolerated (e.g., transient nasal irritation, headache). Chronic/high dosing may cause receptor downregulation or paradoxical anxiety. Outcomes may vary by sex, age, adversity history, and OXTR variation.[9,11]

Summary

Oxytocin (10 mg) is a neuropeptide with pleiotropic effects on stress regulation, social behavior, and emotional well-being. Evidence supports anxiolytic, anti-stress, and pro-social properties, but optimal high-dose regimens and long-term safety remain to be defined.[1–12]

References

  1. Takayanagi Y, Onaka T. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;23(1):150.
  2. Grinevich V, Neumann ID. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26(1):265–279.
  3. Marazziti D, et al. Curr Med Chem. 2022;29(35):5615–5687.
  4. Zhang S, et al. Cell & Bioscience. 2023;13(1):216.
  5. Jin Y, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(13):10430.
  6. Matsushita H, et al. Neuroscience. 2019;417:1–10.
  7. Uvnäs Moberg K, et al. Med Hypotheses. 2019;133:109394.
  8. Jurek B, Neumann ID. Physiol Rev. 2018;98(3):1805–1908.
  9. Neumann ID, Slattery DA. Biol Psychiatry. 2016;79(3):213–221.
  10. Ishak WW, et al. J Affect Disord. 2011;130(1–2):1–9.
  11. Yoon S, Kim YK. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2022;116:110531.
  12. Wang SC, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(12):E3848.

All information provided is for research purposes only.

ALL ARTICLES AND PRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS WEBSITE ARE FOR INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. The products offered on this website are furnished for in-vitro studies only. In-vitro studies (Latin: in glass) are performed outside of the body. These products are not medicines or drugs and have not been approved by the FDA to prevent, treat or cure any medical condition, ailment or disease. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law.