SS-31 HA - 10MG

SS-31

SS-31 (elamipretide) is a synthetic mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide (D-Arg–dimethylTyr–Lys–Phe–NH₂) that localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane, binding cardiolipin to modulate bioenergetics and redox status.^[1] SS-31 shows potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective effects across preclinical and translational models.

Mechanism of Action

• Interacts with cardiolipin and oxidative-phosphorylation proteins to stabilize mitochondrial structure/function and enhance ATP production.^[1][2][3]
• Reduces mitochondrial ROS, preserves ΔΨ_m, and prevents mtDNA release and apoptosis.^{[4][2][5][6][7]}
• Activates Nrf2 and PGC-1α pathways, upregulating antioxidant enzymes and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis/repair.^[5]

Key Effects & Clinical Implications

• Oxidative stress & inflammation: Lowers oxidative markers, raises SIRT1, and suppresses NF-κB/TNF-α signaling in models of diabetes, cardiovascular, and renal disease.^{[4][8][9][10]}
• Neuroprotection: Reduces microglial activation, inhibits Fis1-mediated fission, and limits neuronal apoptosis/BBB disruption in neuroinflammation and subarachnoid hemorrhage models.^[5][11][3]
• Metabolic & cardiovascular disease: Prevents atherosclerotic plaque development, improves endothelial function, and decreases systemic inflammation/lipid accumulation; improves renal function and reduces proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy with CD36/oxidative-stress pathway downregulation.^[9][8]
• Tissue protection & recovery: Ameliorates burn-induced hepatic injury via mtDNA/STING pathway inhibition; protects nucleus pulposus cells from apoptosis/pyroptosis by maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.^[6][7]
• Respiratory disease: Suppresses cigarette smoke–induced airway inflammation, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines, and restores mitochondrial function in bronchial epithelium.^[10]
• Tolerability: Generally well tolerated in preclinical studies with no significant toxicity at therapeutic doses.^[2][9][8]

Summary

SS-31 (10 mg) is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide that stabilizes mitochondrial structure, reduces ROS, and modulates Nrf2/PGC-1α/SIRT1 signaling. It demonstrates efficacy across metabolic, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, and respiratory models, supporting translational potential for disorders involving mitochondrial dysfunction.^{[4][2][12][5][11][6][9][3][8][10][1][7]}

References

1. Chavez JD, Tang X, Campbell MD, et al. PNAS. 2020;117(26):15363-15373. doi:10.1073/pnas.2002250117.
2. Du X, Zeng Q, Luo Y, et al. Mitochondrion. 2024;75:101846. doi:10.1016/j.mito.2024.101846.
3. Li M, Kong D, Meng L, et al. RSC Adv. 2024;14(41):29789-29799. doi:10.1039/d4ra05517a.
4. Escribano-Lopez I, Diaz-Morales N, Iannantuoni F, et al. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):15862. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-34251-8.
5. Zhou J, Shen R, Makale EC, et al. Neurochem Res. 2023;48(5):1580-1595. doi:10.1007/s11064-022-03850-3.
6. Peng X, Wang K, Zhang C, et al. Free Radic Res. 2021;55(11-12):1080-1093. doi:10.1080/10715762.2021.2018426.
7. Wu Y, Hao C, Han G, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021;546:138-144. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.110.
8. Hou Y, Shi Y, Han B, et al. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018;33(11):1908-1918. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfy021.
9. Zhang M, Zhao H, Cai J, et al. PLOS One. 2017;12(9):e0185688. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185688.
10. Yang DQ, Zuo QN, Wang T, et al. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021;2021:6644238.
11. Mo Y, Deng S, Zhang L, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2019;520(1):171-178. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.077.
12. Ding XW, Robinson M, Li R, et al. Pharmacol Res. 2021;171:105783. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105783.

All COA’s avail upon request by email info@truformlabs.com.

Storage & Handling (Research Use)

• Lyophilized (dry) peptide: Store sealed at −20 °C (long-term). Short-term storage up to 2–3 weeks at 2–8 °C is acceptable.
• After reconstitution: Store at 2–8 °C and use within 7 days, or aliquot into sterile vials and freeze at −20 °C for up to 3 months.
• Light & moisture: Protect from light; keep container tightly closed to avoid moisture uptake.
• Freeze–thaw: Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles (use aliquots).
• Solvent compatibility: Choose sterile solvent compatible with your protocol; filter-sterilize if required by your procedures.
• Labeling: Clearly label aliquots with concentration, solvent, and date of preparation.

Storage guidance is general for research peptides and may be adjusted per your lab SOP.