Thymosin Alpha 1 - 5MG

Thymosin Alpha 1

Thymosin Alpha 1 (TA1) is a 28–amino acid endogenous peptide with broad immunomodulatory properties, widely studied and utilized as an adjunct in viral infections, malignancies, and immune-dysfunction states.^[1–11] TA1 acts as a biological response modifier, enhancing innate and adaptive immunity via TLR activation, cytokine upregulation, and modulation of T, B, dendritic, and NK cell function.^{[2][3][5–7]}

Mechanism of Action & Immunomodulation

• Engages TLR2/3/4/7/9, activating IRF3, NF-κB, and MyD88 pathways → increased proliferation/activation of T cells, B cells, macrophages, and NK cells.^{[2][3][5–7]}
• Enhances antigen presentation, promotes cytokine/chemokine production, and can reverse T-cell exhaustion to restore immune competence in immunosuppressed states.^{[12][5–7][9][10]}

Clinical Applications

• Viral infections: Approved in several countries for chronic HBV/HCV; used as an immune enhancer in HIV and as an adjunct in COVID-19 (reduced mortality and restored lymphocyte counts in severe disease with lymphocytopenia/exhaustion).^{[1][2][4][8][12]}
• Cancer: Adjuvant use (e.g., NSCLC, HCC) improves survival, reduces chemo-induced lymphopenia, and may augment checkpoint inhibitor efficacy by “warming up” cold tumors and reducing irAEs.^{[1][3][9][10]}
• Sepsis: Meta-analyses show reduced mortality, improved APACHE II, and favorable inflammatory/immunologic marker shifts (effects on ICU stay/organ failure less clear).^[1][11]
• Immunodeficiency & vaccines: Enhances vaccine responses in immunocompromised patients and helps restore immune function in aging, chemotherapy, and critical illness settings.^{[1][5–7][10]}

Safety & Tolerability

• Extensive clinical exposure (>11,000 subjects) indicates TA1 is well tolerated with AE rates comparable to placebo and no major safety signals in long-term use.^[4]
• No association with significant immunopathology, autoimmunity, or tumorigenesis; considered safe across severe infection, cancer, and immune-compromised populations.^[1][4–7]

Summary: TA1 is a pleiotropic immunomodulator with evidence across viral infections, cancer, and sepsis, and a strong safety record. Its broad activation and restoration of immune function support use as an adjunct in immune dysfunction, infection, and malignancy.^[1–12]

References

1. Mao L. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023;117:109952.
2. Tao N, Xu X, Ying Y, et al. Molecules. 2023;28(8):3539.
3. Wei Y, Zhang Y, Li P, et al. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023;117:109744.
4. Dinetz E, Lee E. Altern Ther Health Med. 2024;30(1):6–12.
5. King R, Tuthill C. Vitamins & Hormones. 2016;102:151–78.
6. Romani L, Moretti S, Fallarino F, et al. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012;1269:1–6.
7. Romani L, Bistoni F, Montagnoli C, et al. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1112:326–38.
8. Binder U, Skerra A. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;22(1):E124.
9. Garaci E, Pica F, Serafino A, et al. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012;1269:26–33.
10. Naylor PH, Quadrini K, Garaci E, et al. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1112:235–44.
11. Liu F, Wang HM, Wang T, et al. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16:488.
12. Liu Y, Pan Y, Hu Z, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(16):2150–57.

All COA’s avail upon request by email info@truformlabs.com.

Storage & Handling (Research Use)

• Lyophilized (dry) peptide: Store sealed at −20 °C (long-term). Short-term storage up to 2–3 weeks at 2–8 °C is acceptable.
• After reconstitution: Store at 2–8 °C and use within 7 days, or aliquot into sterile vials and freeze at −20 °C for up to 3 months.
• Light & moisture: Protect from light; keep container tightly closed to avoid moisture uptake.
• Freeze–thaw: Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles (use aliquots).
• Solvent compatibility: Use a sterile, compatible solvent per protocol; filter-sterilize if required.
• Labeling: Clearly label aliquots with concentration, solvent, and preparation date.

Storage guidance is general for research peptides and may be adjusted per your lab SOP.