Thymulin - 10MG

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Thymulin - 10MG
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Product Overview

Thymulin: Immunomodulatory Peptide

Thymulin is a zinc-dependent nonapeptide secreted by thymic epithelial cells. It regulates T-cell differentiation, maturation, and function, maintains immune homeostasis, and participates in the thymus–neuroendocrine axis with hypophysiotropic effects.[1,2,3,4]

Immunomodulatory & Anti-Inflammatory Effects

  • Enhances T-cell differentiation and function, restoring immune competence in immunodeficient and immunosenescent states; modulates cytokine production across innate and adaptive immunity.[1–4]
  • Suppresses TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6; inhibits NF-κB/MAPK signaling; reduces leukocyte adhesion to activated endothelium in models of sepsis, autoimmunity, and lung injury. Zinc is required for—and synergizes with—thymulin’s activity.[5–12,8,11]

Analgesic & Neuroprotective Properties

  • Reduces inflammatory and neuropathic pain (peripheral and central mechanisms), lowers hyperalgesia and pro-inflammatory mediators, and inhibits hippocampal NF-κB in systemic/cerebral inflammation models.[1,7,13]

Geroprotective & Anti-Aging Outcomes

  • Thymic peptides (including thymulin/Thymalin) normalize cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, and nervous system function in elderly cohorts, reducing infections and age-related disease burden, with reported mortality reduction and improved healthspan.[14,15]

Gene Therapy & Experimental Applications

  • Adenovector delivery of synthetic thymulin analogs restores thymulin levels, prevents neuroendocrine/metabolic abnormalities in thymus-deficient models, and reduces inflammation; regulatable systems enable controlled expression.[1,2,9]

Clinical Applications & Safety

  • Used as an immunomodulator for immunodeficiency, autoimmune disease, infections, and as an oncology adjunct; also applied to counter immunosenescence in aging populations.[16,14,1–4]
  • Favorable safety profile in preclinical and clinical literature, including long-term use.[16,15,4]

Key Takeaways

  • Zinc-dependent T-cell regulator that rebalances cytokine networks and immune function.
  • Multi-system benefits spanning inflammation control, analgesia/neuroprotection, and geroprotection.
  • Translational pathways include peptide formulations and regulatable gene therapy vectors.

References

  1. Reggiani PC, et al. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(29):4690-4696. doi:10.2174/1381612820666140130211157.[1]
  2. Reggiani PC, et al. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009;1153:98-106. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03964.x.[2]
  3. Lunin SM, Novoselova EG. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2010;14(8):775-786. doi:10.1517/14728222.2010.499127.[3]
  4. Santos M, et al. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2010;14(2):131-141. doi:10.1517/14728220903512991.[4]
  5. Avolio F, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(7):3607. doi:10.3390/ijms23073607.[5]
  6. Novoselova EG, et al. PLoS One. 2018;13(5):e0197601. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197601.[6]
  7. Nasseri B, et al. Int Immunopharmacol. 2019;70:225-234. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.042.[7]
  8. Haddad JJ. Mol Immunol. 2009;47(2-3):205-214. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2009.09.034.[8]
  9. Zappa-Villar MF, et al. Mol Immunol. 2017;87:180-187. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2017.04.014.[9]
  10. Lunin SM, et al. Int Immunopharmacol. 2015;25(2):260-266. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2015.01.021.[10]
  11. Haddad JJ, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000;274(2):500-505. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3155.[11]
  12. Lunin SM, et al. Immunobiology. 2013;218(3):402-407. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2012.05.023.[12]
  13. Dardenne M, et al. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006;1088:153-163. doi:10.1196/annals.1366.006.[13]
  14. Khavinson VKh. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2002;23(Suppl 3):11-144.[14]
  15. Khavinson VKh, Morozov VG. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2003;24(3-4):233-240.[15]
  16. Rodriguez Martin RR, et al. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023;119:110167. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110167.[16]

All information provided is for research purposes only.

ALL ARTICLES AND PRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS WEBSITE ARE FOR INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. The products offered on this website are furnished for in-vitro studies only. In-vitro studies (Latin: in glass) are performed outside of the body. These products are not medicines or drugs and have not been approved by the FDA to prevent, treat or cure any medical condition, ailment or disease. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law.